Abstract

Sewerage collection by underground piping is not a practical sanitation option for the low-income populations of developing countries. Between conventional sewerage systems and the pit privy, there is a technology gap that has not been effectively bridged by lower cost methods that are acceptable from financial, technical, and public health points of view. The objectives of this project are to conduct a survey of existing low-cost excreta disposal technologies and appraise them in terms of cost and efficiency; to select, adapt, or innovate techniques applicable to Botswana; and to conduct technical and social surveys in order to adapt the units and select the most promising two or three approaches.

Post-Project Summary

Researchers conducted a survey in squatter housing areas within the four major urban centres of Gaborone, Lobatse, Francistown, and Selebi-Phikwe to determine the most efficient and economical types of human waste disposal systems. A sociological survey was also undertaken to determine preferences in existing toilet facilities and researchers tested soil/ground conditions, materials, and construction techniques. Seven types of toilets were designed and 13 units were tested in each town. The designs were then modified and adapted by studying technologies already in place in other squatter settlements throughout the country. Based on site conditions, a committee agreed to use a Type B Aqua Privy. In areas where Type B was not suitable, the Reed's Odourless Earth Closet was chosen as an alternative system. Studies continued in a phase II project.

Recipient Institution(s)